I don't know how much everyone knows about the main steps and ideas of steel structure design. If you want to have a deeper understanding, then let's take a look at the sharing of Hebei steel structure design manufacturers.
1、
Steel structure shape selection
Throughout the entire process of steel structure design, emphasis should be placed on conceptual design. This is particularly important in the stage of structural selection and layout. On the basis of difficult to make accurate and reasonable analysis or unclear specifications and mechanical relationships, from the perspective of the overall system structure and damage mechanism, damage design, experimental phenomena and engineering experience, and from the overall layout and detailed measures to determine the control structure. The use of conceptual design allows for quick and effective conceptualization, comparison, and selection in the early stages. The structure calculation is simple and accurate, avoiding unnecessary operations in the structural analysis stage. At the same time, it is also the main basis for judging whether the output data of computer internal force analysis is reliable.
Steel structures usually have structural types such as frames, wooden frames, mesh frames (shells), cable membranes, light steel, towers and masts. Most of its theories and technologies are mature. There are still some issues that have not been resolved, and there are no simple and practical design methods.
When selecting steel structures, their different characteristics should be considered. In light steel factory buildings, when there is a large suspended or moving load, the gantry can be abandoned and a mesh frame can be used. In areas with high basic snow pressure, roof curves should be conducive to snow sliding (considering snow for domestic demand with a tangent of 50 degrees), such as three circular shells. Nearly half of the snow has been released. Regions with heavy rainfall are similar. When allowed by the building, the support within the frame will be more economical than a frame connected only by simple nodes. In buildings with large roofs, suspension or cable membrane structures can be chosen as the main structure. In the design of high-rise steel structures, steel-concrete composite structures are often used. In high-rise buildings with high or irregular seismic intensity, for economic reasons, it is not necessary to simply choose the form of core tube and outer frame. Giant steel reinforced concrete columns in the surrounding area should be selected, with the core being the structural system supporting the frame. In our country, more than half of this high level is the former. This is not conducive to earthquake resistance.
The layout of steel structures should be considered based on the characteristics of the system, the distribution of loads, and the properties of the structure. Generally speaking, the stiffness is uniform. The mechanical model is clear. Minimize the impact of large or moving loads as much as possible, so that they are based on the most direct route. The distribution of lateral force between columns should be uniform. Its center of mass should be close to the line of action of lateral force (wind impact). Otherwise, structural torsion should be considered. The anti lateral structure should have multiple lines of defense. For example, a supporting frame structure with columns capable of withstanding at least 1/4 of the horizontal force.
The arrangement of frame structure floor beams can sometimes adjust the direction of load transmission to meet different requirements. Usually, beams are decorated to shorten the cross-section for a short period of time, but this can increase the cross-section of the beam, reduce the height of the floor slab at the top of the column, and sometimes be too much. The main beam is shorter on the secondary beam and beam column to maintain sacrifice.
2、 Steel structural components
After the structural layout is completed, a preliminary estimation of the cross-section of the components is required. Mainly assumptions about the cross-sectional shape and size of beams and columns, as well as supports.
Steel beams can be made of channel steel, rolled or welded H-shaped steel profiles, etc. According to the load and support conditions, the section height is usually between 1/20 and 1/50 of the span. When determining the flange width according to the L/B limit based on the lateral support spacing between beams, it avoids the complex calculation of the overall stability of the steel beam. The section height, flange width, and plate thickness shall be predicted according to the local structural stability prediction regulations.
